Tìm GTNN a: $F= 14(a^2+b^2+c^2) + \dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}$ | HOCMAI Forum - Cộng đồng học sinh Việt Nam

Ta có:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\le\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{3}\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^4\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)

Ta lại có:

\(ab+bc+ca=\frac{1-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2}\)

Làm tiếp.

1/\(=4a^2+4b^2+c^2+8ab-4bc-4ca+4b^2+4c^2+a^2+8bc-4ca-4ab+4a^2+4c^2+b^2+8ca-4bc-4ab=\)

\(=9a^2+9b^2+9c^2=9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

2/

Ta có

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2\)

\(\Rightarrow P=9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge18\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=18\)

Hi vọng là tìm GTLN:

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử b, c cùng phía với 1 \(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc\ge b+c-1\).

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có: 

\(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge a^2+2bc+abc\Leftrightarrow2bc+abc\le4-a^2\Leftrightarrow bc\left(a+2\right)\le\left(2-a\right)\left(a+2\right)\Leftrightarrow bc+a\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\).

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz ta có:

\(P\le\dfrac{ab}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)+\dfrac{bc}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)+\dfrac{ca}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.3\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\le1\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.

Ta có: P= \(2a+3b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}\) = \(\text{​​}\text{​​}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)+\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)+\left(a+2b\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(\text{​​}\text{​​}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}\cdot a}=2\)

             \(\text{​​}\text{​​}\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{b}\cdot b}=4\)

Do đó: P \(\ge2+4+5=11\)

Vậy: P(min)=11  khi:  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=a\\\dfrac{4}{b}=b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right..\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(T=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\geq \frac{(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})^2}{2(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})}=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})\)

\(\geq \frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{3}{2}\) (theo BĐT AM-GM)

Vậy $T_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}$.

Giá trị này đạt tại $a=b=c=1$

Theo đề ra, ta có:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\)

Theo BĐT Cô-si:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3+ab^2\ge2a^2b\\b^3+bc^2\ge2b^2c\\c^3+ca^2\ge2c^2a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)

Do vậy \(M\ge14\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)

Ta đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=k\)

Luôn có \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\)

Vì thế nên \(k\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Khi đấy:

\(M\ge14k+\dfrac{3\left(1-k\right)}{2k}=\dfrac{k}{2}+\dfrac{27k}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2k}-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{1}{2}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{27k}{2}.\dfrac{3}{2k}}-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{23}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow Min_M=\dfrac{23}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\).

\(a^2b^2c^2+\left(a+1\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge a+b+c+ab+bc+ca+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(abc\right)^2+abc-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(abc+2\right)\left(abc-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow abc\ge1\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cosi ta có:

\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(2c+3a\right)}+\frac{b+2c}{45}+\frac{2c+3a}{75}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(2c+3b\right)}\cdot\frac{b+2c}{45}\cdot\frac{2c+3a}{75}}=\frac{a}{5}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(c+2a\right)\left(2a+3b\right)}+\frac{c+2a}{45}+\frac{2a+3b}{75}\ge\frac{b}{5}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c^3}{\left(a+2b\right)\left(2b+3c\right)}+\frac{a+2b}{45}+\frac{2b+3c}{75}\ge\frac{c}{5}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)

Từ (1)(2)(3) ta có:

\(P+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{15}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{5}\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{15}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

Mà \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Rightarrow S\ge\frac{1}{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1

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